Sluicing Cannot Apply In-Situ in Japanese

Ross (1969) proposed that sluicing in English is derived by wh- movement and deletion. The wh-movement analysis, however, not straight- forward wh-in-situ languages like Japanese. A number of studies argued Japanese based on wh-cleft structure with much empirical evidence. More recently, Kimura (2010) Abe (2015) have an in-situ analysis Japanese, which deletes everything but a wh-phrase (and the Q-complementizer) situ, without movement. In this paper, building immobile elements, I will provide decisive evidence against deletion for sluicing.